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Green and Greenback

The Behavioral Effects of Environmental Attitudes in Low-Cost and High-Cost Situations

Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich, diekmann{at}soz.gess.ethz.ch

Peter Preisendörfer

University of Mainz (Germany), preisen{at}uni-mainz.de

The low-cost hypothesis predicts that the strength of effects of environmental concern on environmental behavior diminishes with increasing behavioral costs. Thus, environmental concern influences environmental behavior primarily in situations and under conditions connected with low costs and little inconvenience for individual actors. In a first step, we develop and specify this hypothesis. Referring to two procedures, we then test it on the basis of an environmental survey of a random sample of 2307 respondents from the German population. The empirical evidence is positive. The low-cost hypothesis is not confined to the area of environmental research. It points to general limits of attitude-research (in high-cost situations) and to general limits of rational-choice theory (in low-cost situations), and suggests a strategy for integrating research in social psychology, sociology, and economics.

Key Words: Attitudes and behavior • collective goods • environmental behaviour • low-cost hypothesis • rational choice • social norms

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